Teaching-Learning Materials (TLMs) in Science: Preparation, Collection, Procurement, and Use CPS 3For Odisha B.Ed & Education Honours

Teaching-Learning Materials (TLMs) in Science: Preparation, Collection, Procurement, and Use

Introduction

Teaching-Learning Materials (TLMs) are tools or aids used by teachers to make science learning easy, interesting, and meaningful for students. Science is a subject based on observation, experimentation, and visualization, so TLMs help students see, feel, and understand abstract concepts.

TLMs can be physical objects (like charts or models) or digital tools (like videos or websites). These materials make classroom teaching more interactive and practical, especially in Indian schools where diverse learners are present.

1. Preparation of Teaching-Learning Materials

Teachers can create simple TLMs using locally available materials at low or no cost. This is called improvised TLMs.

Example of Preparation:

Chart of Human Digestive System using chart paper, sketches, and colored pens

Model of the solar system using thermocol balls and wires

Making a plant cell model with clay or sponge

Collecting different types of leaves or insects for observation

Indian Context Example:

In rural Odisha, a science teacher prepares a rain gauge using a plastic bottle to demonstrate rainfall measurement.

2. Collection of TLMs

Teachers can collect materials from:

Nature: Leaves, rocks, soil, flowers, insects

Home and community: Old newspapers, bottles, wires, charts

Science kits: Available from NCERT, SCERT, or education departments

Donations from parents or local shops

Local museums, science parks, or field trips

Example:

For teaching “types of rocks,” a teacher can collect real samples of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks from the local area.

3. Procurement of TLMs

Some materials may be purchased from:

Educational supply stores

Government-provided science kits

NGOs or school grants (under schemes like RMSA, SSA)

Online educational portals (e.g., Diksha App, NCERT website)

Example:

A school may procure a low-cost microscope or buy science working models from the nearest town or online platform.

4. Types and Use of TLMs in Science

Here are different types of TLMs commonly used in Indian science classrooms:

A. Charts and Graphs

Used to explain processes, cycles, systems (e.g., water cycle, digestive system)

Easy to prepare and use

Can be pasted on walls or blackboard

Example: Chart showing life cycle of a butterfly or COVID-19 virus structure.

B. Bulletin Board

Used to display science facts, daily news, discoveries, pictures

Makes classroom environment rich and informative

Example: Display of current science events like ISRO missions or environmental tips.

C. Models (Static and Working)

Static models (e.g., eye model, human skeleton)

Working models (e.g., electric circuit, water pump)

Use: Helps in hands-on learning and developing scientific skills

Indian Classroom Use: During science exhibitions or practical classes.

D. ICT Materials (Digital Tools)

ICT = Information and Communication Technology. These include:

i. Filmstrips and Slides

Projected through overhead projector

Used to explain step-by-step processes

Example: Slide showing parts of a flower or stages of cell division.

ii. Transparencies

Used on Overhead Projector (OHP)

Teacher writes/draws on transparent sheets to teach concepts

iii. TV, Audio and Video

Educational videos (e.g., NCERT TV, YouTube, PM eVidya channel)

Audio recordings of science stories, lectures

Example: A teacher shows a video on “volcano eruption” in class.

iv. Computer and Internet

Use of online platforms like:

Diksha App

E-pathshala

BYJU’s, Toppr, Vedantu (private apps)

Google Classroom, Zoom, YouTube

Use:

Watch science experiments

Solve interactive quizzes

Download worksheets

Attend live or recorded science classes

5. Role of Teacher in Using TLMs

Select TLMs as per student level and topic

Use TLMs to start a lesson or revise a topic

Encourage students to help in making TLMs

Use both low-cost and digital materials

Promote active participation and curiosity

Example: In a class on “Plant Reproduction,” the teacher shows a video and then asks students to create a flower model using paper.

Advantages of Using TLMs in Science

Makes abstract topics clear and concrete

Develops interest and motivation in learners

Promotes learning by doing

Useful for inclusive education – helps all types of learners (slow/advanced)

Encourages creativity and innovation

Challenges in Indian Context

Lack of resources in rural and government schools

Electricity or internet issues in remote areas

Overloaded syllabus gives less time to use TLMs

Need for teacher training on digital tools

Solution: Use low-cost, easily available materials, take help from NEP 2020 and state initiatives like Mo School Abhiyan (Odisha).

Conclusion

Teaching-Learning Materials are the backbone of science education. They turn a boring lecture into an engaging learning experience. Proper preparation, collection, and use of TLMs, including ICT, can improve understanding, skills, and interest among students in Indian science classrooms. Teachers must be creative, resourceful, and trained to use TLMs effectively.