SECOND ANGLO-MARATHA WAR
The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805) was a conflict between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company. Here's an overview:
The background of the Second Anglo-Maratha War is as follows:
1. Maratha Empire: The Maratha Empire was a powerful Indian empire that existed from 1674 to 1818.
2. Peshwa Baji Rao II: Peshwa Baji Rao II was the leader of the Maratha Empire during the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
3. British East India Company: The British East India Company was a British trading company that played a significant role in the expansion of British power in India.
4. Governor-General Richard Wellesley: Richard Wellesley was the Governor-General of India during the Second Anglo-Maratha War and played a key role in shaping British policy towards the Marathas.
5. Treaty of Bassein (1802): The Treaty of Bassein was a treaty signed between the British and the Marathas in 1802, which established British influence over the Maratha Empire.
6. Maratha-British relations: Relations between the Marathas and the British had deteriorated in the years leading up to the war, with disputes over territory, trade, and influence.
7. Indian political landscape: The Indian political landscape was complex, with various kingdoms and empires vying for power and influence.
8. British expansionism: The British were expanding their territory and influence in India, which led to conflicts with the Marathas and other Indian kingdoms.
9. Maratha military power: The Marathas had a powerful military, but were ultimately unable to withstand the British.
10. Economic factors: Economic factors, such as trade and resources, also played a role in the lead-up to the war.
Causes:
1. Maratha expansion: The Marathas, under the leadership of the Peshwa Baji Rao II, expanded their territory, threatening British interests.
2. British expansion: The British, under Governor-General Richard Wellesley, sought to expand their territory and influence in India.
3. Disputes over territory: Disputes over territory, particularly the region of Bundelkhand, led to tensions between the two powers.
4. Peshwa's ambition: Peshwa Baji Rao II's ambition to assert his authority and independence from the British.
5. British desire for control: The British desire to control the Maratha Empire and its territories.
6. Economic interests: The British East India Company's desire to expand its trade and economic interests in India.
7. Political rivalries: Political rivalries between the British and Marathas, including the British support of rival factions within the Maratha Empire.
8. Military conflicts: Military conflicts between the British and Marathas, including skirmishes and battles, which eventually led to the outbreak of war.
9. Diplomatic failures: Diplomatic failures and misunderstandings between the British and Marathas, which contributed to the escalation of tensions.
10. British strategic interests: British strategic interests in India, including the desire to secure its position and influence in the region.
Key Events:
1. Battle of Assaye (1803): A British victory led by Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington).
2. Battle of Laswari (1803): A British victory led by Gerard Lake.
3. Battle of Farrukhabad (1804): A British victory led by Lake.
4. Battle of Deeg (1804): A British victory led by Wellesley.
Treaty of Deogaon (1805)
The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Deogaon, which:
1. Ceded territory: The Marathas ceded territory to the British, including Bundelkhand and the region around Delhi.
2. Established British influence: The treaty established British influence over the Maratha Empire.
3. Peshwa's authority: The treaty reduced the Peshwa's authority, making him a British vassal.
Consequences:
1. British expansion: The war marked a significant expansion of British territory and influence in India.
2. Maratha decline: The war led to the decline of the Maratha Empire, eventually leading to British conquest.
3. Rise of British power: The war solidified British power in India, paving the way for the establishment of the British Raj.
4. Peshwa's reduced authority: The treaty reduced the Peshwa's authority, making him a British vassal.
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